Guides for physiotherapists
Practical writing on exercise prescription, patient adherence and running a practice. Short enough to read between patients.
- Billing and practice
The 8-minute rule in physical therapy billing, with worked examplesHow the Medicare 8-minute rule turns timed minutes into 15-minute units, how mixed remainders are assigned, and worked examples for physical therapists.
- Practice management
ACC and physiotherapy in New Zealand: claims, co-payments and the contract rulesWhat ACC pays for after an injury in New Zealand, how physios lodge an ACC45, co-payments, the Allied Health Services rules and what ACC does not cover.
- Private practice
Cash-based physical therapy: what it means, Medicare limits and good faith estimatesWhat cash-based physical therapy means, how it differs from in-network and out-of-network care, the Medicare limits PTs face, and good faith estimates.
- Practice management
Direct access to physical therapy in the USA: state rules, Medicare and referralWhat direct access to physical therapy means in the USA, the limits some states set, how Medicare and insurers treat it, and when a PT must refer.
- Exercise prescription
How to progress and regress exercises in physical therapy, with worked laddersHow to progress and regress exercises in physical therapy: the levers to change, how to decide, when to step back, and worked exercise ladders.
- Practice management
Extended health benefits and physiotherapy in Canada: what plans pay and how clinics billHow extended health benefits pay for physiotherapy in Canada: plan maximums, referrals, direct billing, receipts, consent, and what provinces cover.
- Exercise prescription
The FITT principle for exercise prescription in rehab, with worked examplesHow to use the FITT principle (frequency, intensity, time, type, plus volume and progression) in rehab and home programs, with worked examples.
- Practice management
Medicare-funded physio under a GP chronic condition management planHow Medicare physio works under an Australian GP chronic condition management plan: eligibility, 5 services a year, referrals, reports and the gap.
- Private practice
How to choose home exercise program softwareHow to choose home exercise program software: what patients need, build speed, clinic accounts, privacy questions by country, RTM and a checklist.
- Private practice
How to price physical therapy sessions and packagesHow to price physical therapy or physiotherapy sessions: cost per clinical hour, fee types, competition law, prepaid blocks, refunds and fee reviews.
- Private practice
How to start a physical therapy private practiceWhat US physical therapists need to open a private practice: state license, business entity, EIN, NPI, Medicare enrollment, insurers and HIPAA.
- Private practice
How to start a physiotherapy practice in Australia: registration, tax, Medicare and privacyStarting a private physio practice in Australia: Ahpra standards, PII, ABN, GST, Medicare provider numbers, privacy, advertising and records.
- Private practice
How to start a physiotherapy practice in Canada: licence, insurance, tax and privacyWhat Canadian physiotherapists need to open a private practice: provincial college rules, liability insurance, BN, GST/HST, privacy and direct billing.
- Private practice
How to start a physiotherapy practice in New Zealand: registration, ACC, tax and privacyOpening a physio practice in New Zealand: Board registration and APC, sole trader or company, IRD, GST, ACC provider and vendor IDs, privacy and ads.
- Private practice
How to start a private physiotherapy practice in the UK: registration, insurance and the rulesWhat UK physios need before opening a private practice: HCPC, indemnity cover, sole trader or company, CQC scope, ICO fee, insurers and record keeping.
- Exercise prescription
How to write a home exercise program patients will actually followHow to write a home exercise program patients follow: how many exercises to give, dosage ranges from ACSM guidance, clear instructions and follow-up.
- Billing and practice
The KX modifier and the Medicare therapy thresholdWhat the KX modifier attests to, how the Medicare therapy threshold and targeted medical review work, and the documentation mistakes PTs should avoid.
- Clinical assessment
The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS): how to score it, read the change and use it in your notesHow to give, score and read the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS): 20 items, 0 to 80, MDC and MCID values, and how to use it in SOAP notes.
- Practice management
Physiotherapy under the NDIS: funding, price limits and the rules for physiosHow physiotherapy under the NDIS works: what it funds, plan management, registered providers, service agreements, 2026-27 price limits and cancellations.
- Practice management
Self-referral to NHS physiotherapy: how it works across the UKHow self-referral to NHS musculoskeletal physiotherapy works in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and what private physios should know.
- Practice management
OHIP-funded physiotherapy in Ontario: who qualifies, where to go and what physiotherapists must explainWho qualifies for OHIP-funded physiotherapy in Ontario, where to get it, whether you need a referral, and what physiotherapists must say about fees.
- Practice management
Out-of-network physical therapy and superbills: a guide for PTs and patientsWhat in-network and out-of-network mean for PTs, what a superbill contains, good faith estimates for self-pay patients, and the Medicare rules.
- Clinical assessment
Outcome measures in physical therapy: how to choose them, read the change and use them in your notesHow physical therapists choose and use outcome measures: patient-reported vs performance tests, MCID and MDC explained, and values for common tools.
- Exercise prescription
The pain monitoring model for exercise rehab: how to use it in a home programHow the pain monitoring model works (up to 5 out of 10, settled by the next morning), its evidence, and how to write it into a home program.
- Patient education
Pain neuroscience education in physiotherapy: what it is, the evidence and how to deliver itWhat pain neuroscience education is, what the evidence shows and where it falls short, and how to teach it in plain words alongside exercise.
- Clinical assessment
The Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS): how to score it, read the change and set goalsHow to give and score the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS): 0 to 10 per activity, the average, MDC and MCID values, and use in goals and notes.
- Private practice
How to write a cancellation and no-show policy for your physical therapy clinicHow to write a physical therapy cancellation and no-show policy: notice, fees, consent at intake, reminders, payer rules and a sample template to adapt.
- Private practice
Marketing a physical therapy clinic: what works and what the rules allowHow to market a physical therapy clinic honestly: website, local listing, referrers, reviews and past patients, plus advertising rules by country.
- Practice management
The physical therapy plan of care under Medicare: contents, certification and changesWhat a Medicare plan of care for physical therapy must contain, who certifies it, the 30-day and 90-day rules, plan changes and progress reports.
- Practice management
How to improve patient retention in a physiotherapy practiceWhy patients drop out of physiotherapy before discharge, what the studies found, and practical steps clinics can take to improve patient retention.
- Practice management
Private health insurance and physio in Australia: how extras cover worksHow Australian private health insurance extras cover pays for physio: benefits, limits, waiting periods, claiming, Medicare and financial consent.
- Clinical practice
Red flags in physiotherapy screening: what to ask, what the evidence says and when to referHow to screen for red flags in physiotherapy: the serious conditions by body region, why single red flags mislead, and how to refer and document.
- Practice management
Remote therapeutic monitoring (RTM) for physical therapists: codes, rules and 2026 changesWhat remote therapeutic monitoring is, how it differs from RPM, who can bill it, the consent, device and communication rules, and the 2027 proposals.
- Practice management
RTM CPT codes for physical therapyThe RTM CPT codes a physical therapist can bill under Medicare in 2026, what each covers, day and time rules, GP and CQ modifiers, and documentation.
- Private practice
Working as a self-employed physiotherapist in the UK: status, tax, insurance and safetyUK physios working self-employed: employment status, Self Assessment, National Insurance, expenses, indemnity, contracts, data and lone working.
- Documentation
SMART goals in physical therapy: how to write them, with examplesHow to write SMART goals in physical therapy, with short and long-term examples for knee, back and shoulder patients, the evidence and common mistakes.
- Documentation
How to write SOAP notes in physiotherapy, with a worked exampleWhat goes in each part of a physiotherapy SOAP note, the mistakes that weaken a record, and a worked example for a fictional knee patient.
- Practice management
Telehealth physical therapy and hybrid care: what the evidence supports and how to run it safelyWhat the evidence says about telehealth physical therapy for musculoskeletal care, who suits video visits and how to run safe video and hybrid sessions.
- Patient adherence
Why patients don't do their home exercises, and what actually helpsWhy patients skip their home exercise programs, what research says predicts adherence, and practical changes physios can make in the next session.
- Practice management
WSIB and physiotherapy in Ontario: claims, Form 8, the musculoskeletal program of care and billingWhat WSIB pays for in physiotherapy after a work injury in Ontario: Form 8, the musculoskeletal program of care, billing and denied claims.
India
Guides written for physiotherapists who practice in India.
- Clinic business
How to start a home visit physiotherapy business in IndiaStarting a home visit physiotherapy business in India: service area, scheduling, a portable kit, safety at home, consent, pricing and referrals.
- Clinic business
How to start a physiotherapy clinic in India: registration, setup, pricing and patientsA practical guide to starting a physiotherapy clinic in India: registration, clinic licensing, GST, location, equipment, staff, pricing and records.
- Clinic business
How to price physiotherapy sessions in India: costs, market rates and packagesPhysiotherapy session charges in India: work out your cost per session, check local rates fairly, and set fees for assessments, home visits and packages.